BOGEAV: And who were these readers? Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1564 and married Anne Hathaway in 1582. His extant works, including collaborations, consist of some 39 plays, 154 sonnets, three long . And by the time we get to the 1920s, at Columbia University, their teacher education program, Franklin T. Baker, was teaching English education. BOGEAV: Well, we just had a conversation on the podcast about pop culture and teaching Shakespeare and our guests talked about how some teachers are more comfortable than others with bringing things into the classroom, like graphic novels based on Shakespeare. For more information, see our Cookies Policy. There mustve been teachers thinking, Lets think about these plays as actors do.. REID: Michael mentioned Ovid and his Metamorphoses there, and this is a book thats referenced a great deal throughout Shakespeares writing throughout his whole career and, as Stanley Wells told me, its quite clearly one of Shakespeares favourite books. This was a time when paper is expensive, so the idea of having students write out an answer is not really very practical. Those later became the books that would make up the curriculum of those first Harvard classes in the Harvard English department in the 1870s. It was nevertheless obvious that the intellectual quality of Shakespeares writings was high and revealed a remarkably perceptive mind. 19th-century photography might not have been very fair to McGuffey. What tensions have you noticed? So, its possible that Shakespeare did do some drama, as it were, as part of his schooling although I think the focus wouldve been more on speech and language skills than on what we would think of as being acting skills but an interesting idea that he mightve done that at school. So when you say very few books, does that mean you just have maybe one text and youre not really arguing multiple perspectives on any issue or drawing from different sources? Same with books. He quotes his contemporary Christopher Marlowe in As You Like It. Thanks everyone who has been involved; Stanley, Michael, Liz, Anjna, Tara and Maddy and also, a huge thanks to the Friends of the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust for making this podcast possible in the first place. Learn about the building renovation and start planning your visit. He developed blank verse, which became a standard in the world of poetry after his death. HAUGHEY: Yeah, at Harvard, youve got the Hasty Pudding Club. Remember me or Log in with Facebook 2. He was one of the first, in the 1870s, to teach English in high school. The first of these start in 1750 and by the middle of the 19th century every college has a competing pair of literary societies. What does a low or medium mass main sequence star look like? And everywhere an intensification of the dialogue and an altogether higher level of imaginative writing transformed the older work. There was no sense that education was fun or participatory, you basically learnt things by rote and were tested by either an older boy or the master. Thatd be like me saying, Lets go and study a sitcom on television. No, no, no, thats low brow, thats very coarse. Oftentimes the libraries at the literary societies, their collections were larger than the official university library. The great popular stories from Genesis, for example, thinking of things like Abraham and Isaac and the story of Joseph and his brothers, these sorts of stories no doubt appealed because of their dramatic trajectory, the way they move through the narrative, theyre good plots. BOGEAV: Right, and just to give credit where credit is due, the Shakespeare Set Free series, was done by Peggy OBrien. Shakespeare would have been expected to learn long passages of Latin prose and poetry. No writer's living reputation can compare to that of Shakespeare, whose notable plays include the tragedies Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, King Lear, Macbeth, and Othello. Shakespeare: William Shakespeare was baptized on April 26, 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, in England. He even brings it on stage a couple of times, inTitus Andronicus, probably his first tragedy, and later in his career, inCymbeline, the heroine there is reading Ovid at one point. I think a lot of students ended up committing Shakespeare to memory through the process, but really it was about how well you could speak. But, because many plays of Shakespeares time have been lost, it is impossible to be sure of the relation between an earlier, lost play and Shakespeares surviving one: in the case of Hamlet it has been plausibly argued that an old play, known to have existed, was merely an early version of Shakespeares own. So, how did these ideas about Shakespeare and his place in the America curriculum spread? That was the point of the readers earlier on. This means there is the possibility of you seeing more adverts from the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust on other websites that you visit. So you can see how his knowledge of say, traditional Roman and Greek stories plus rhetoric, the art of persuasion, primed him to be a pretty good playwright. School, on Church Street, also the site of the Guild Hall where the borough April 23, 1564 Where was he born Stratford- upon- Avon What is Shakespeare's mothers maiden name Mary Arden What public offices did SHakespeare's dad hold Justice of Peace, Mayor What 3 subjects did Shakespeare study in grammar school Latin Grammar, Latin Literature, rhetoric How old was Shakespeare when he married 18 Shakespeare married who Classics means the study of the art, literature and culture of the Ancient Mediterranean countries, in particular Ancient Greece and ancient Rome. From award-winning theater and music, to poetry and exhibitions, experience the power of the arts with us. This was the only sanctioned mode for students to get together in an extracurricular way for a very long time in the 19th century. Books, just generally speaking, and especially books in English, were very, very rare even at universities. Dr. Tara Hamling is a senior lecturer in Early Modern history at the University of Birmingham and shes interesting in education in the home at the time when Shakespeare was growing up. If they must be read by our sons and daughters, let us have a carefully expurgated edition. So what? Students would have been versed in grammar, rhetoric, logic, astronomy, and arithmetic. Stratford had a great grammar school, its now the King Edwards School and, until a couple of years ago it was still only a boys school, as it was in Shakespeares time. HAUGHEY: Well, certainly I think so. Shakespeares school is still a grammar school today, and is attended by boys who have passed their 11+ exams. I think because students are used to reading Caesar in Latin, the orations. CHOUHAN: Shakespeare did not attend university because it was necessary to be of significant, or at the very least substantial, wealth to attend university. They would practice reading aloud. William Shakespeare (bapt. The grammar-school's demanding curriculum was geared to teaching pupils Haughey's research focuses on the evolution of the English curriculum in American schools, and, in particular, the role of Shakespeare in that evolution. Explore acts of storytelling in Shakespeares Othello alongside world-class artists who interpret Othellos story in new forms and contexts today. He knew how to form a good story, a good plot, and he knew how to mold relatable and . Its a lovely thought. Is it true or false that a heliocentric model of the solar system has earth at the center? There were no copies of Shakespeare until 1720 at Harvard. Published January 7, 2020. And he leads a fascinating life. She would have stayed home and helped Mary, his mother, with the household chores. There he learnt his alphabet, numbers, the Ten Commandments, and the Lords Listen to experts discussing this topic and other Shakespeare FAQs in our podcast. Back to Elizabeth to tell us more about how girls would have received their education in Shakespeares time. Latin, Ovid, Virgil, and Horace, as well as the fundamentals of grammar and logic, are covered. (Solution). WELLS: We know from his writings, weve got an idea of what were his favourites. I think its a play thats incredibly relevant, in many ways, to the 19th century as well. Shakespeare's Henley Street home was just a short walk from the grammar school, the King's New School, on Church Street, also the site of the Guild Hall where the borough council regularly met.The school was available to all boys within the borough, free of charge. Theres something for everyone. The influence of the great figure of Sir Philip Sidney, whose Arcadia was first printed in 1590 and was widely read for generations, is frequently felt in Shakespeares writings. Was he top of the class? BOGEAV: Well, what is the next chapter in this story of how Shakespeare is taught? He achieved great success in school. In this episode we discuss how we know that Shakespeare went to school, where he went, what his school day would have been like, and what he learned. So Im a little bit hesitant of some well, I guess I want to see it, right? Lee Jamieson, M.A., is a theater scholar and educator. So, Im a strong advocate, but yeah, not everyone is. Now, we dont have I have yet to come across any teacher from the 1870s who was a proponent of it. In school, Shakespeare studied Latin grammar, literature, and rhetoric. Folger Shakespeare Library. Is this the answer the moon unlike the earth does not rotate so you see the same side of the moon? CHOUHAN: Shakespeare did not attend a university, you needed to be of significant, or at least substantial, wealth to go to university and we know that Shakespeare when he reached the university age after he left grammar school, rather than going off to further his study, he stayed in Stratford and got married and started a family, after which . It made me wonder if thats why rote memorization was the main method of education. Michael Dobson gave me a really good explanation and some examples of how we can see evidence of Shakespeares reading in his writing. Theyre talking about a different way of thinking about theater than they knew as kids. He writes an English journal. Thank you for your support to help care for the world's greatest Shakespeare heritage and keep his story alive. Its interesting to think about how Shakespeare might have started to imagine stories being played out that ultimately, come from the Bible and his childhood education rather than his formal education at grammar school. DOLLIMORE: Girls were educated in groups by other local women, so a sort of informal schooling system, but very different. Theres references to Shakespeare in there and many other writers, modern culture, everything, you could read it and just enjoy it as a story and I guess, particularly children reading them would probably have that experience, but then, reading them again, you kind of pick out all these references like, Oh yeah, oh thats a nod to that. So its like an extra level of enjoyment for people who have that knowledge. He used the popular prose fictions of his contemporaries in As You Like It and The Winters Tale. BOGEAV: Yeah, and the way you describe is that the goal was the idea of a disciplined mind. In school, Shakespeare studied Latin Grammar, Latin Literature, and rhetoric, among other disciplines. HAUGHEY: So, its fascinating because we have university literary societies that start to pop up. So a lot of the readers, the editors like McGuffey, would not mention it in the earlier versions in the early 19th century. Its the college that Henry Folger went to, and he wrotethe president, that is, of Amherst, Im sorry that most of Shakespeares plays were ever written. A lot of it was about learning by rote, the boys would have first learnt the simple English letters from a hornbook, learning the vowel-consonant combinations and sounds and then, learning to read with the Lords Prayer. What subjects did William Shakespeare learn in grammar school? He did not study after he was finished with He sought his fortune as a playwright in London. Bring Shakespeares work to life in the classroom. REID: So Shakespeare would have attended the local grammar school in Stratford-upon-Avon and although no records or registers from the school at the time survive, we know that young William would have been entitled to a free place at the grammar school because of his father, John Shakespeares, position on the town council at the time. Im right, right? Does sound travel faster through space or room temperature? The students wanted to study Shakespeare? BOGEAV: I wonder if it comes from, you know, you go to college to learn to be a teacher and youre already analyzing literature. Weve got a record of the books he read as an undergraduate. 48)? Rhetoric is secondary to that too. Latin was, therefore, the mainstay of the curriculum. On February 2, 1602, he wrote: At our feast we had a play called Twelfth Night; or, What You Will, much like The Comedy of Errors, or Menaechmi in Plautus, but most like and near to that in Italian called Inganni. Latin was the principal language of instruction in all Elizabethan grammar schools, as was the norm throughout the period. "William Shakespeare's School Life, Childhood, and Education." The readers will endure through to the end of the 20th century before they really give way to really the anthology genre. Theres a shift in how we think about text, and its history, and the nuances of text, historical text. At the end of the day, Shakespeare had a lasting impact on poetry and literature that has endured for generations. BOGEAV: So, by the end of the 19th century, students are studying Shakespeare as text, no longer as elocution. Who is Judith? HAUGHEY: They really were. We had technical help from Paul Luke at Voice-Trax-West in Studio City, California, and Patty Holley at public radio station K-X-C-V / K-R-N-W in Maryville, Missouri. From the Folger Shakespeare Library, this is Shakespeare Unlimited. He said this of the library, he said, It was housed in an old tinderbox building with no conveniences for studying or reading. The grammar-school's demanding curriculum was geared to teaching pupils Latin, both spoken and written. Mary was certainly I want to see what youre doing with the language, how youre bring Shakespeares language to life for kids. BOGEAV: Well, it looks like that some of these debating society members went on to eventually teach Shakespeare. With a few exceptions, Shakespeare did not invent the plots of his plays. Students would have been regularly tested and physical punishments would have been given out to those who did not do well. If we can hear a speech that bridges, sort of, the study of Latin to the study of Englishthats what we started to see at the end of the century. He doesnt go on to university, as his friends keep congratulating him on but, he does become an avid reader clearly, a magpie, as per humanist training. The School Day The school day was long and monotonous. Free *. We also know the sort of things that would have been on the curriculum, it would have offered a humanist education, that is to say an education in Latin mostly, the boys would have had to speak Latin as well as to read it, even in the playground they were expected to speak Latin. He would then probably have gone to what was known as a petty school, which is probably a domestic arrangement, by which somebody would take in young children to give them the rudiments of their education. HAMLING: So, when it comes to the education of Shakespeares parents theres a big question mark. Shakespeare left his home in Stratford to seek his fortune in London after marrying a lady from the community.. So, Mary Arden probably could read, probably would have been able to do this kind of instruction that Ive been talking about. He wouldve learnt some other stuff while he was at school as well, but that would have been the main bulk of the curriculum. Discover Shakespeares stories and the world that shaped them. In terms of where we go next, if its rooted in language, if its rooted in Shakespeares words and a relationship with those words and living those words out, then Im really excited about it. These used a hornbook, which you could hold in your hand and it would have on it the alphabet, probably the Lords Prayer and numbers and that would form the beginning of an elementary education for a child. As with other such institutions, its curriculum placed a strong focus on the Latin classics, with students memorizing, composing, and performing in old Latin plays, among other things. The first collection of source materials, arranged so that they could be read and closely compared with Shakespeares plays, was made by Charlotte Lennox in the 18th century. Which sphere is not directly studied in one of the main branches of Earth space science geology astronomy meteorology or oceanography A biosphere B exosphere C atmosphere D hydrosphere? So that tells me that in the 1870s, there mustve been teachers trying it. It was edited by Gail Kern Paster. He wants her to be married to the son of a neighboring wood-stapler but she doesn't want to get married. Girls were not permitted to attend school, so we will never know the potential of Shakespeares sister Anne, for example. Or would they study it in terms of it being a good example of rhetoric? BOGEAV: Its kind of funny to think of the university libraries as being so deficient. He was a big advocate for this idea that we teach Shakespeare in a way that we think about Shakespeare in a way that actors might, and the benefits of that in a classroom. What subject did William Shakespeare learn in grammar school? JOSEPH HAUGHEY: Welland I think its important too that you point out that its white men, and its white men from a privileged background attending colonial colleges. what subjects did Shakespeare study in school Latin Grammar, Latin Literature, and Rhetoric (the use of language) who did Shakespeare marry and how old was he and she when they married? 2023 Shakespeare Birthplace Trust Registered Charity Number 209302. Biography of William Shakespeare, History's Most Famous Playwright, Cervantes and Shakespeare: What They Had in Common (and Didnt), Everything You Need to Know About Shakespeare's Plays, Must-Read Books If You Like Romeo and Juliet, A Complete List of the Tragedies of William Shakespeare, Understanding Shakespeare's "Seven Ages of Man" in Today's World, The Most Commonly Read Books in High School, Romeo and Juliet From 'Beautiful Stories From Shakespeare', A Character Profile of Juliet From 'Romeo and Juliet', The Best Shakespeare Plays for High School, M.A., Theater Studies, Warwick University, B.A., Drama and English, DeMontfort University. Its always my big thing that I end up talking about Terry Pratchett, but I think it is like in Terry Pratchett where you can read it and you can have a laugh and enjoy the story whether you get all the references or not. He previously served as a theater studies lecturer at Stratford-upon Avon College in the United Kingdom. Understanding text and understanding the history of words, how they come to usextremely important in the 19th century in a way that I dont think is as important as we move into the 20th century. COX: I think thats how working here has surprised me, I didnt realise until I came to work here, quite how much hed borrowed from other things. You know, the Folgers Education Program has made great strides from the 1970s and 80s, on to today, about working with teachers and making us better English teachers. The independent charity that cares for the worlds greatest Shakespeare heritage sites in Stratford-upon-Avon, and promotes the enjoyment and understanding of his works, life and times all over the world. Its been delightful talking to you as well. There still is some pushback. He achieved compression and economy by the exclusion of undramatic material. DOBSON: The main emphasis in Elizabethan grammar schools is on remembering texts and being able to recombine phrases from them in compositions of your own, and indeed, being able to compose Latin orations in imaginary characters sometimes. Not through plays but through these school readers. George Chapmans vigorous translation of Homers Iliad impressed him, though he used some of the material rather sardonically in Troilus and Cressida. Shakespeare himself missed out on a full education as we shall later discover. BOGEAV: So, as a kid, this is how Shakespeare becameor started to becomeingrained in the American consciousness? Did you know to speak with volume? DOLLIMORE: A grammar school education was by our standards both dull and comprehensive. What was William Shakespeare's school life like? What disciplines did William Shakespeare study in his early years of schooling? We don't really know where Shakespeare went to school, but he probably did go because he ended up literate. Where did he seek his fortune later? Sometimes he worked from the stories of comparatively recent Italian writers, such as Giovanni Boccacciousing both well-known stories (Romeo and Juliet, Much Ado About Nothing) and little-known ones (Othello). writers, particularly Ovid, in Shakespeares poems and plays. In fact, the students were even expected to speak Latin to each other in the playground or at home. The independent charity that cares for the worlds greatest Shakespeare heritage sites in Stratford-upon-Avon, and promotes the enjoyment and understanding of his works, life and times all over the world. What subjects did he study? Young girls could get some education, but not at a grammar school level. We use essential and non-essential cookies that improve the functionality and experience of the website. Analytical cookies are used to determine how visitors are using a website, enabling us to enhance performance and functionality of the website. They were not useful to students. HAUGHEY: Oftentimes yes. Earlier dramatists had occasionally used the same material (there were, for example, the earlier plays called The Famous Victories of Henry the Fifth and King Leir). Advertisement REID: So if Shakespeare was learning in the home from his parents, does that mean they were educated people too? Not just as passages to be read aloud, but actually as theatrical, literary works worthy of study. I mean, does it spread organically that way? Awful!. the grammar school, the Kings New So, it would just be a group of students getting together. Most almost everywhere else there were always exactly two societies. Listen to Shakespeare Unlimited on iTunes, Google Play Music, Soundcloud, Spotify, NPR One, or wherever you get your podcasts. HAUGHEY: Right, and they made that apparent too. Despite the fact that it was an unusual schedule for him, he managed. | Theme by SuperbThemes.Com, What Company Made School Pizza? Whether he had been to grammar school is another question, probably not but again, this kind of expectation that he would have read the Bible out to his family is the kind of thing that you would expect somebody of John Shakespeares status, as he became because he was obviously up-and-coming over the course of his life, to be able to do. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Where and when was William Shakespeare born?, Who were Shakespeare's parents, and what was their place in local society?, Where and for how long did Shakespeare attend school? In school, Shakespeare studied Latin Grammar, Latin Literature, and rhetoric, among other disciplines. He certainly borrowed lots and lots of plots, stories, characters, names, you name it and he borrowed it! HAUGHEY: In the Colonial colleges, there was definitely a belief that one text was sufficient and more than that could be confusing. In fact, English, a modern language, was not part of the curriculum. Ticket savings, great seats, and exclusive benefits, Our award-winning performances of Shakespeare, adaptations, and new works, Our early music ensemble Folger Consort and more, Our longstanding O.B. Is there a debate about the place of pop culture, and in a Shakespeare curriculum? The idea that Shakespeare should be performed out loud in the classroom and it just took off. Why did the government close theaters in 1593? So, for our first episode Im starting right at the beginning of Shakespeares life, and I am asking, Was Shakespeare Educated?. Garland Scott is the associate producer. But are they also studying it as drama? Stratford Grammar School had some very good masters, Oxford graduates, we know that, we know the names of some of them. Professor Joseph Haughey of Northwest Missouri State University takes us back to a time when educators didn't take Shakespeare seriously and English wasn't even a subject in school. He quotes almost directly from Ovid in his last solo authored play,The Tempest, where Prosperos great speech, beginning Ye elves of hills, is pretty well a translation of Ovid, its really a crib from Ovid. We know that Shakespeares contemporary, his exact contemporary, Christopher Marlowe, did have a university education. I think that it would be more a sign of how hes using his intelligence to kind of reshape things and make references knowing people would get. To actually get the kids up on their feet is chaotic, and loud, but its wonderful. WELLS: Shakespeare's education would have started at home. BOGEAV: And so, they were reading these popular culture books, their non-sanctioned books, novels and stuff. [laughs] And I think in a way that how hes particularly clever because hes taking these stories that, some of them in themselves may not be that exciting or popular, and sort of changing little elements of them to make them these amazing plays. Hes written a book-length manuscript on the evolution of Shakespeare instruction in American schools. At the end of the day, Shakespeare had a significant impact on poetry and literature that has endured for generations. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon" (or simply "the Bard"). -according to church records Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway in 1582; -William Shakespeare was eighteen and Anne Hathaway was twenty-six I think the notion of teaching early in the 20s, and we even see this later into the 20th century too. What were they describe them for us, because you know, were not familiar with them anymore. Most of his Latin mythology, his Greek mythology comes straight from Ovid, which, again, was something popular in grammar schools. Not everybody, but we see David Bevington in the 1970s writing about teaching Shakespeare and talking about it in terms of performance. Dec 13, 2020 3 min read Shakespeare's Education William Shakespeare was one of the greatest playwrights in the English language. A Canon development. Theres obviously a kind of informal education that allows people to make do and get through without necessarily conforming to expectations of classical education. As theaters reputation changes in Americaand that Astor Place Riot is really a clash between two different notions of theater: this low brow notion of theater versus a highbrow notion of theater. HAUGHEY: Well, Julius Caesar was really popular. The beginning lines of one sonnet (106) indicate that he had read Edmund Spensers poem The Faerie Queene or comparable romantic literature. So, as a student, you might be reading Shakespeare, but not know it was Shakespeare. I think thats really a key point that then allows him, allows Shakespeare, to enter into schools in a different way. So, he was interested in Shakespeare from the beginning. studied in school. Their flagship journal, English Journal, comes along and we start to really see teachers talking about how they teach Shakespeare. That Shakespeares name was not included. Students had to, through the literary societies, make their own. Certainly, at the beginning of Shakespeares career, Marlowe was a sensation, he was very popular, but to think that he had that university education and Shakespeare didnt is really extraordinary. HAUGHEY: Theres a Shakespeare teacher and book editor, Henry Norman Hudson. Also Ovid, hes very, very fond of Publius Ovidius Naso, the great lyrical Roman poet whose great subject is Metamorphoses, things turning into people and visa versa, and change and transition and moving on from one stage to another are among Shakespeares great recurrent subjects. We do know that there were people in Stratford who took young, pre-school children into their own homes for a payment and gave them their elementary education. The question of whether the university is teaching us the right things. Is the statement true that unlike planets a dwarf planet cannot have moons?

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